Skin whitening solution
After we understand how skin could be pigmented, we are ready for the solutions.
1. A complete protection against UV rays, blue light and near infrared
2. Sufficient sleep and de-stress, such as exercise, massage, meditation or diffusing essential oil
3. Use skin whitening products to target different stage of melanin synthesis
a. Block signals from stimulating secretion of α-MSH by the pituitary gland
b. Inhibit tyrosinase activity and reduce melanin synthesis
c. Inhibit melanosome transfer
d. Promote skin renewal
Table 1 lists some whitening ingredients based on the above functions. Some ingredients require doctor's prescription and have limitation on the amount use in Hong Kong and Taiwan. Be mindful and choose the safe whitening products.
Table 1: Whitening ingredients
a. Block signals from stimulating secretion of α-MSH by the pituitary gland
Anti-free radicals: Ergothioneine, Glutathione, Reseveratrol, Vitamin C or E
Inhibit peripheral nerves activity: Ellagic acid, Curcumin
Reduce inflammation reaction: Allantoin, Tranexamic acid
b. Inhibit tyrosinase activity
Hydroquinone*1
Arbutin
Azelaic acid
Kojic acid
Mulberry extract
Licorice root extract
c. Inhibit melanosome transfer
Soybean/milk extracts
Niacinamide
d. Promote skin renewal
Lactic acid
Retinoic acid*
Linoleic acid
Salicylic acid*2
Liquiritin
Urea
Source: Scientific American, MedPartner, Taiwan FDA, the HKSAR Government
Note: This list is not exhaustive
* Under the regulation of drug and cannot be used in cosmetic products in Taiwan
1 2% or below are classified as OTC drug in Taiwan
2 Medicated cosmetic, the content is limited to 0.2-2% in Taiwan
1,2 In Hong Kong, these substances are classified as drug. Any products, including cosmetic, containing these ingredients should be registered as pharmaceutical products.
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